mpmath

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A Python library for arbitrary-precision floating-point arithmetic.

Website: https://mpmath.org/ Main author: Fredrik Johansson fredrik.johansson@gmail.com

Mpmath is free software released under the New BSD License (see the LICENSE file for details).

1. History and credits

The following people (among others) have contributed major patches or new features to mpmath:

• Pearu Peterson pearu.peterson@gmail.com
• Mario Pernici mario.pernici@mi.infn.it
• Ondrej Certik ondrej@certik.cz
• Vinzent Steinberg vinzent.steinberg@gmail.com
• Nimish Telang ntelang@gmail.com
• Mike Taschuk mtaschuk@ece.ualberta.ca
• Case Van Horsen casevh@gmail.com
• Jorn Baayen jorn.baayen@gmail.com
• Chris Smith smichr@gmail.com
• Juan Arias de Reyna arias@us.es
• Ioannis Tziakos itziakos@gmail.com
• Aaron Meurer asmeurer@gmail.com
• Stefan Krastanov krastanov.stefan@gmail.com
• Ken Allen ken.allen@sbcglobal.net
• Timo Hartmann thartmann15@gmail.com
• Sergey B Kirpichev skirpichev@gmail.com
• Kris Kuhlman kristopher.kuhlman@gmail.com
• Paul Masson paulmasson@analyticphysics.com
• Michael Kagalenko michael.kagalenko@gmail.com
• Jonathan Warner warnerjon12@gmail.com
• Max Gaukler max.gaukler@fau.de
• Guillermo Navas-Palencia g.navas.palencia@gmail.com
• Nike Dattani nike@hpqc.org
• Tim Peters tim.peters@gmail.com
• Javier Garcia javier.garcia.tw@hotmail.com

Numerous other people have contributed by reporting bugs, requesting new features, or suggesting improvements to the documentation.

For a detailed changelog, including individual contributions, see the CHANGES file.

Fredrik's work on mpmath during summer 2008 was sponsored by Google as part of the Google Summer of Code program.

Fredrik's work on mpmath during summer 2009 was sponsored by the American Institute of Mathematics under the support of the National Science Foundation Grant No. 0757627 (FRG: L-functions and Modular Forms).

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

Credit also goes to:

• The authors of the GMP library and the Python wrapper gmpy, enabling mpmath to become much faster at high precision
• The authors of MPFR, pari/gp, MPFUN, and other arbitrary- precision libraries, whose documentation has been helpful for implementing many of the algorithms in mpmath
• Wikipedia contributors; Abramowitz & Stegun; Gradshteyn & Ryzhik; Wolfram Research for MathWorld and the Wolfram Functions site. These are the main references used for special functions implementations.
• George Brandl for developing the Sphinx documentation tool used to build mpmath's documentation

Release history:

• Version 1.4.0 released on February 23, 2026
• Version 1.3.0 released on March 7, 2023
• Version 1.2.1 released on February 9, 2021
• Version 1.2.0 released on February 1, 2021
• Version 1.1.0 released on December 11, 2018
• Version 1.0.0 released on September 27, 2017
• Version 0.19 released on June 10, 2014
• Version 0.18 released on December 31, 2013
• Version 0.17 released on February 1, 2011
• Version 0.16 released on September 24, 2010
• Version 0.15 released on June 6, 2010
• Version 0.14 released on February 5, 2010
• Version 0.13 released on August 13, 2009
• Version 0.12 released on June 9, 2009
• Version 0.11 released on January 26, 2009
• Version 0.10 released on October 15, 2008
• Version 0.9 released on August 23, 2008
• Version 0.8 released on April 20, 2008
• Version 0.7 released on March 12, 2008
• Version 0.6 released on January 13, 2008
• Version 0.5 released on November 24, 2007
• Version 0.4 released on November 3, 2007
• Version 0.3 released on October 5, 2007
• Version 0.2 released on October 2, 2007
• Version 0.1 released on September 27, 2007

1. Download & installation

Mpmath requires Python 3.9 or later versions. It has been tested with CPython 3.9 through 3.14 and for PyPy 3.11.

The latest release of mpmath can be downloaded from the mpmath website and from https://github.com/mpmath/mpmath/releases

It should also be available in the Python Package Index at https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mpmath

To install latest release of Mpmath with pip, simply run

pip install mpmath

or from the source tree

pip install .

The latest development code is available from https://github.com/mpmath/mpmath

See the main documentation for more detailed instructions.

1. Documentation

Documentation in reStructuredText format is available in the docs directory included with the source package. These files are human-readable, but can be compiled to prettier HTML using Sphinx <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>_.

The most recent documentation is also available in HTML format:

https://mpmath.readthedocs.io/

1. Running tests

The unit tests in mpmath/tests/ can be run with pytest <https://pytest.org/>_, see the main documentation.

You may also want to check out the demo scripts in the demo directory.

The master branch is automatically tested on the Github Actions.

1. Known problems

Mpmath is a work in progress. Major issues include:

• Some functions may return incorrect values when given extremely large arguments or arguments very close to singularities.

• Directed rounding works for arithmetic operations. It is implemented heuristically for other operations, and their results may be off by one or two units in the last place (even if otherwise accurate).

• Some IEEE 754 features are not available. Inifinities and NaN are partially supported, there is no signed zero; denormal rounding is not available at all.

• The interface for switching precision and rounding is not finalized. The current method is not threadsafe.

1. Help and bug reports

General questions and comments can be sent <mailto:mpmath@googlegroups.com>_ to the mpmath mailinglist <https://groups.google.com/g/mpmath>_.

You can also report bugs and send patches to the mpmath issue tracker, https://github.com/mpmath/mpmath/issues