################################################################### parso - A Python Parser ###################################################################

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Parso is a Python parser that supports error recovery and round-trip parsing for different Python versions (in multiple Python versions). Parso is also able to list multiple syntax errors in your python file.

Parso has been battle-tested by jedi_. It was pulled out of jedi to be useful for other projects as well.

Parso consists of a small API to parse Python and analyse the syntax tree.

A simple example:

.. code-block:: python

>>> import parso
>>> module = parso.parse('hello + 1', version="3.9")
>>> expr = module.children[0]
>>> expr
PythonNode(arith_expr, [<Name: hello@1,0>, <Operator: +>, <Number: 1>])
>>> print(expr.get_code())
hello + 1
>>> name = expr.children[0]
>>> name
<Name: hello@1,0>
>>> name.end_pos
(1, 5)
>>> expr.end_pos
(1, 9)

To list multiple issues:

.. code-block:: python

>>> grammar = parso.load_grammar()
>>> module = grammar.parse('foo +\nbar\ncontinue')
>>> error1, error2 = grammar.iter_errors(module)
>>> error1.message
'SyntaxError: invalid syntax'
>>> error2.message
"SyntaxError: 'continue' not properly in loop"

Resources

• Testing <https://parso.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docs/development.html#testing>_
• PyPI <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/parso>_
• Docs <https://parso.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>_
• Uses semantic versioning <https://semver.org/>_

Installation

.. code-block:: bash

pip install parso

Future

• There will be better support for refactoring and comments. Stay tuned.
• There's a WIP PEP8 validator. It's however not in a good shape, yet.

Known Issues

• async/await are already used as keywords in Python3.6.
• from __future__ import print_function is not ignored.

Acknowledgements

• Guido van Rossum (@gvanrossum) for creating the parser generator pgen2 (originally used in lib2to3).
• Salome Schneider for the extremely awesome parso logo.

.. _jedi: https://github.com/davidhalter/jedi

.. :changelog:

Changelog

Unreleased ++++++++++

0.8.7 (2026-05-02) ++++++++++++++++++

• Add PEP 695 type parameter syntax

0.8.6 (2026-02-09) ++++++++++++++++++

• Switch the type checker to Zuban. It's faster and now also checks untyped code.

0.8.5 (2025-08-23) ++++++++++++++++++

• Add a fallback grammar for Python 3.14+

0.8.4 (2024-04-05) ++++++++++++++++++

• Add basic support for Python 3.13

0.8.3 (2021-11-30) ++++++++++++++++++

• Add basic support for Python 3.11 and 3.12

0.8.2 (2021-03-30) ++++++++++++++++++

• Various small bugfixes

0.8.1 (2020-12-10) ++++++++++++++++++

• Various small bugfixes

0.8.0 (2020-08-05) ++++++++++++++++++

• Dropped Support for Python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5
• It's possible to use pathlib.Path objects now in the API
• The stubs are gone, we are now using annotations
• namedexpr_test nodes are now a proper class called NamedExpr
• A lot of smaller refactorings

0.7.1 (2020-07-24) ++++++++++++++++++

• Fixed a couple of smaller bugs (mostly syntax error detection in Grammar.iter_errors)

This is going to be the last release that supports Python 2.7, 3.4 and 3.5.

0.7.0 (2020-04-13) ++++++++++++++++++

• Fix a lot of annoying bugs in the diff parser. The fuzzer did not find issues anymore even after running it for more than 24 hours (500k tests).
• Small grammar change: suites can now contain newlines even after a newline. This should really not matter if you don't use error recovery. It allows for nicer error recovery.

0.6.2 (2020-02-27) ++++++++++++++++++

• Bugfixes
• Add Grammar.refactor (might still be subject to change until 0.7.0)

0.6.1 (2020-02-03) ++++++++++++++++++

• Add parso.normalizer.Issue.end_pos to make it possible to know where an issue ends

0.6.0 (2020-01-26) ++++++++++++++++++

• Dropped Python 2.6/Python 3.3 support
• del_stmt names are now considered as a definition (for name.is_definition())
• Bugfixes

0.5.2 (2019-12-15) ++++++++++++++++++

• Add include_setitem to get_definition/is_definition and get_defined_names (#66)
• Fix named expression error listing (#89, #90)
• Fix some f-string tokenizer issues (#93)

0.5.1 (2019-07-13) ++++++++++++++++++

• Fix: Some unicode identifiers were not correctly tokenized
• Fix: Line continuations in f-strings are now working

0.5.0 (2019-06-20) ++++++++++++++++++

• Breaking Change comp_for is now called sync_comp_for for all Python versions to be compatible with the Python 3.8 Grammar
• Added .pyi stubs for a lot of the parso API
• Small FileIO changes

0.4.0 (2019-04-05) ++++++++++++++++++

• Python 3.8 support
• FileIO support, it's now possible to use abstract file IO, support is alpha

0.3.4 (2019-02-13) +++++++++++++++++++

• Fix an f-string tokenizer error

0.3.3 (2019-02-06) +++++++++++++++++++

• Fix async errors in the diff parser
• A fix in iter_errors
• This is a very small bugfix release

0.3.2 (2019-01-24) +++++++++++++++++++

• 20+ bugfixes in the diff parser and 3 in the tokenizer
• A fuzzer for the diff parser, to give confidence that the diff parser is in a good shape.
• Some bugfixes for f-string

0.3.1 (2018-07-09) +++++++++++++++++++

• Bugfixes in the diff parser and keyword-only arguments

0.3.0 (2018-06-30) +++++++++++++++++++

• Rewrote the pgen2 parser generator.

0.2.1 (2018-05-21) +++++++++++++++++++

• A bugfix for the diff parser.
• Grammar files can now be loaded from a specific path.

0.2.0 (2018-04-15) +++++++++++++++++++

• f-strings are now parsed as a part of the normal Python grammar. This makes it way easier to deal with them.

0.1.1 (2017-11-05) +++++++++++++++++++

• Fixed a few bugs in the caching layer
• Added support for Python 3.7

0.1.0 (2017-09-04) +++++++++++++++++++

• Pulling the library out of Jedi. Some APIs will definitely change.